{"id":6694,"date":"2022-09-18T21:12:18","date_gmt":"2022-09-18T21:12:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asnes-academy.com\/uncategorized\/learn-first-aid-for-dogs\/"},"modified":"2022-12-21T21:23:51","modified_gmt":"2022-12-21T21:23:51","slug":"learn-first-aid-for-dogs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asnes-academy.com\/en\/mountain-and-safety\/learn-first-aid-for-dogs\/","title":{"rendered":"Learn first aid for dogs"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

Today, Crister has an energetic Working Cocker Spaniel called T\u00f8ys who he\u2019s training to become a service dog in special searches. T\u00f8ys competes in obedience trials \u2013 but takes part in everything, both summer and winter, going on hikes, bike trips, skiing and other adventures \u2013 a real \u201ctraildog\u201d.<\/p>\r\n

Crister has done his research, reading and consulting several vets to make sure that the facts in this article are, professionally speaking, on the money.<\/p>\r\n

The guidance and advice here will be worth its weight in gold if your dog\u2019s ever unfortunate enough to need it.t.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

Daily check-ups<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

In our article about heading out into the wilds with a dog<\/mark>,<\/span>\u00a0we\u2019ve already touched on some essential things to think about. Daily check-ups are described in detail there, but it\u2019s worth mentioning again. Knowing our dogs as well as we do, we\u2019re best placed to detect early signs of any alteration in their general condition. If minor injuries and other issues are detected in time, we can prevent them from developing into something worse.<\/p>\r\n

All conscientious dog owners know that the most important responsibility we have is to ensure that the dog receives the necessary care and nutrition; injury and illness are part of this care. Of course, our dogs must be trained, and their lives and experiences must be good and positive \u2013 but first and foremost we must cover their most elementary needs.<\/p>\r\n

This means, of course, spending enough time with them to know the very moment it\u2019s time for grooming or a visit to the doctor.<\/p>\r\n

Dyrelegehjelpen.no has made a nice video available here<\/a>. Indispensable knowledge for a daily dog inspection! Worth learning Norwegian for. Me, I strive to carry out at least one complete dog-check a day. If I\u2019ve been out training T\u00f8ys, chances are we\u2019ve been searching in some old building or boat or woodshed where there might be things that could harm him. I\u2019m careful to clear away nails, glass and other things that he could injure himself on \u2013 but you can never be 100% sure.<\/p>\r\n

A healthy, fit, dog is attentive and active. It has shiny fur, clean ears and clear eyes. The faeces are firm, wormless, and arrive fresh every day. (Do poke a stick in the poo once in a while \u2013 then you\u2019ll quickly see if there are worms or other things you need to do something about..!)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

How to do a daily check (Norwegian)<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t4dOT334AAM<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

Things to pay special attention to:<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Fur<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

All dogs need their fur looking after: a regular brushing is required, even more frequently during shedding periods. Long-haired dogs can develop tangles and matting, or felting, in their fur. This isn\u2019t great. Unattended to, these can cause sore, irritated and inflamed skin. Wet, matted and tangled fur are often the root cause of wet eczema.<\/p>\r\n

Between the belly and the legs, behind the ears, and where the collar and harness come into contact with the fur are typical places for felting.<\/p>\r\n

Most dogs are probably best off without clothes. But dogs with thin fur might have to have a jacket for protection against cold, rain and wind….<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Claws<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Claws should be kept relatively short. Long claws crack, break and chip more easily, and claw damage is something none of us want. Cut claws with good claw clippers. And I specify \u201cgood\u201d here because there are plenty of bad ones out there to make the job unnecessarily difficult.<\/p>\r\n

If you reward the dog after clipping the claws, this makes the whole thing more pleasurable.\u00a0Actually, here\u2019s a crucial tip: husbandry\u00a0training and positive reinforcement! The first time you do it, you may want to ask the vet to show you how. Here\u2019s a good how-to-clip video.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=En4vodLFzI4<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

Teeth<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Healthy teeth and gums are crucial for your dog\u2019s well-being. Worn teeth, inflammation, tartar or gum problems are painful and must be treated. You can brush the teeth, but personally I prefer to have a good stock of Dentastix and chewing bones, both for training, so that T\u00f8ys has strong teeth and jaws, and because it works as a toothbrush, keeping teeth clean.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Eyes and ears<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Make sure the eyes are clear and clean. The ears shouldn\u2019t be dirty. Nor should they smell bad or look irritated. Breeds with drooping ears like T\u00f8ys\u2019s are particularly prone to ear infections, which can flare up in no time. So I\u2019m careful to dry his ears well. He\u2019s become used to having his ears \u201cturned\u201d and aired after bathing and washing. Some people actually use clothes pegs and stand the ears upright together and let some air in \u2013 it\u2019s fine with a little training on the dog\u2019s part and isn\u2019t harmful to the dog.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

Husbandry<\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

Some education in handling and husbandry are highly recommended for dog owners. Learning and practicing husbandry makes looking after the dog less effort and more enjoyable. With a little training, you can get a dog that won\u2019t even mind having its claws clipped and being dried with a hairdryer.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

Signs of illness<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

As we\u2019ve seen, a dog’s owners are best placed to detect if something\u2019s wrong. Unusual behaviour is often the first sign that a dog\u2019s in pain or discomfort. Signs of a dog\u2019s in pain can include sudden aggression or irritability, a reduced appetite or low spirits. It might not meet you at the door when you come home, or becomes less active, perhaps.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

General condition<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Being able to give your dog first aid can be the difference between life and death. So how can you provide life-saving first aid and prevent its condition from worsening?<\/p>\r\n

To recognise how a sick dog behaves, you need to know how a healthy dog looks and functions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Pulse \u2013 what is a dog\u2019s heart rate?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A normal adult dog has a heart rate of between 70\u2013130 beats per minute. It\u2019s easiest to count your dog\u2019s heart beats in 15 seconds and then multiply that by four.<\/p>\r\n

The hearts of large and older dogs beat more slowly than smaller and younger dogs. Puppies and very young dogs can have a pulse of 200 beats per minute. A scared and stressed dog will also have a faster pulse.<\/p>\r\n

You can check your dog\u2019s pulse in the left \u2018armpit\u2019 with the dog lying on its right side \u2013 if you lift the left \u2018elbow\u2019 slightly you can slip your hand into the spot.<\/p>\r\n

The easiest place to find the dog\u2019s pulse is in the depression at the far back of the belly \u2013 in the groin, if you like. The most important thing is to confirm that the dog’s heart beats approximately the \u2018correct\u2019 number of beats per minute and that the heartbeat is stron.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Breathing \u2013 normal breathing for a dog<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA normal adult dog takes 8\u201320 breaths per minute and a young dog up to 30.\r\n\r\nIt should be as easy for the dog to breathe in as it is to breathe out. If the dog struggles with either inhaling or exhaling, it may be a sign that something has become stuck in the throat or trachea.\r\n\r\nA dog that belly-breathes (stomach-breathing) after an accident may have suffered internal bleeding. Muffled breathing sounds and wheezing are also typical signs of internal bleeding.\r\n\r\nListen and observe carefully how the dog breathes.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Mucous membranes \u2013 what colour are the gums?<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The mucous membranes in the mouth (gums), or around the eyes can give clear indications of how the dog is feeling.<\/p>\r\n

Whether in the mouth or\u00a0the eye, a dog’s mucous membranes should normally be salmon pink. Some dogs have perfectly normal spots of black or brown pigment; concentrate on the pink areas. If the mucous membranes are red, this can be a sign of stress or infection. Pale and almost white mucous membranes can indicate internal bleeding or serious dehydration. Certain poisonings can also cause a black stripe in the gums (but, of course, make sure of your dog\u2019s baseline in terms of pigmented on the gums).<\/p>\r\n

If the mucous membranes in the mouth feel sticky, it may be a sign that the dog is dehydrated. In this case, you should also do a capillary test on the dog\u2019s skin. Lift a fold of skin up and away from the dog. Watch when you release it. The skin should quickly return to its original state. If it stays put or returns to its shape very slowly, it\u2019s a sign that the dog may be dehydrated.<\/p>\r\n

Similarly, it can be very useful to see how the gums regain their colour after pressure. Gently press your finger against the gum and check that the colour returns within three seconds. If it doesn\u2019t, you should contact your vet.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Body temperatur\r\n<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A dog\u2019s normal temperature is between 37.5\u00b0 and 39\u00b0 centigrade (99.5\u00b0 \u2013 102.2\u00b0 F). The temperature can be measured with an ordinary thermometer in the rectum. A young and active dog\u2019s temperature in the high range \u2013 even a little higher.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

On very hot days, a dog\u2019s body temperature can reach 40\u00b0 without it necessarily having a fever. Higher than this, though, is a red flag.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

As I said, the dog\u2019s temperature should be taken in the rectum. Ideally this should be done in the morning, or when the dog has rested for at least 20 minutes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

If you suspect that your dog is in pain or is ill, you should contact a vet immediately for advice.<\/strong><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Otherwise, the first thing you should check when you go on a trip, stay anywhere for a while, or move somewhere new is where the nearest vet is. I also make sure to have the number of the nearest clinic saved on my phone. It\u2019s easy enough to find online, but it\u2019ll save a lot of time if you run into a dog-related crisis.<\/p>\r\n

In what we\u2019ve already written about taking a dog out into the backcountry, we\u2019ve also written the following:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Before winter really sets in, and definitely before you set out on an expedition, consider taking your dog to the vet. Make sure all vaccinations are done and the dog\u2019s in condition. Check for parasites. It\u2019s essential that the dog\u2019s protected against kennel cough<\/a>: this can lead to far more serious problems in the wilds<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

TYPICAL SYMPTOMS OF INJURY OR ILLNESS<\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

Decreased appetite<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Abnormal thirst<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Sudden weight loss<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Diarrhoea or constipation (hard\/no stool) for 3+ days<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Frequent urination, often with difficulty\/pain<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Blood in stool or urine<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Abnormal amount of discharge from the nose or eyes<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Frequent coughing, sneezing or abnormal wheezing<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Unsteady or strange gait, lameness or dizziness<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Abnormal scratching, obvious irritation<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Sudden or very strong bad breath<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Lumps in and under the skin<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Other obvious things like bleeding, cuts, wounds, etc<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

EMERGENCY FIRST AID:<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

In general, give first aid to dogs according the same drill you use for humans: the \u201cABCDE drill\u201d. Check for a clear airway, cardiovascular function and injuries in the order set by ABCD.<\/p>\r\n

It\u2019s a familiar drill for many. But for dogs it goes as follows:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

A-B-C-D-E drill for dogs<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A \u2013 Airways<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

B \u2013 Breathing<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

C \u2013 Circulation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

D \u2013 Disabilities (consciousness, joints)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

E \u2013 Exposure\/environment (overview and protection; warmth)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The principle “head to toe, treat as you go” is followed at every single point. This includes ensuring a free airway, checking for blood\/blood clots and that the blood system is working and treating injuries in the order set by ABCD.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

A \u2013 Airways<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mYGjQDPcJxY<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

Make sure airways are free. If the dog isn\u2019t breathing, look for a bluish tongue and bloodshot eyes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Remove any foreign bodies from the mouth and throat. If you don’t find anything, shake the dog vigorously up and down with its head towards the ground. The Heimlich manoeuvre is an option. Attempt to find help.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

CPR \u2013Small dogs<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1. Lay the dog on its right side.\r\n2. Place a hand over the dog\u2019s heart \u2013 where the the tip of the elbow meets the chest. Lay your other hand on top on the first hand.\r\n3. Compress the chest by pressing your hands.\r\n4. Press approx. 30 times at a rate of 100\u2013120 compressions\/minute (try to keep the tempo to the song \u201cStayin’ Alive\u201d – this gives 120 compressions\/min).\r\n5. Then blow twice into the animal’s nose. Stretch the dog’s neck, cover the nose with your mouth and blow in air until the chest rises. Remember not to blow too much air into small lungs. Repeat.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

CPR: medium to large dogs<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1. Lay the dog on its right side.\r\n2. Kneel behind the dog\u2019s back. Place your hands slightly behind and above the heart.\r\n3. Press down on the chest with straight arms. Press hard \u2013 but try not to break the ribs.\r\n4. Press approx. 30 times at a rate of 100\u2013120 compressions\/minute (try to keep the tempo to the song \u201cStayin’ Alive\u201d – this gives 120 compressions\/min).\r\n5. Then blow twice into the animal\u2019s nose. Stretch the dog\u2019s neck, cover the nose with your mouth and blow in air until the chest rises. Repeat.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

CPR on a dog<\/a><\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation on dogs is performed with one hand on top of the other for repeated chest compressions \u2013 the same principle for humans. We press on the heart region \u2013 directly behind the left elbow.<\/a><\/p>\r\nPay attention to the dog’s size during heart compressions.\r\n\r\n10 \u2013 15 mm for small dogs\r\n20 \u2013 30 mm for medium-sized dogs\r\n35 \u2013 40 mm for large dogs\r\n\r\nGive 30 heart compressions followed by 1\u20132 breaths. You must maintain a rhythm of 120 compressions per minute.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPerform mouth-to-nose\r\nTo breathe in to your dog, keeping its mouth closed. Place your mouth over the muzzle and breathe in through the nose \u2013 this is the \u201cmouth to nose\u201d method. Blow until the ribcage rises. That\u2019s all that\u2019s required..\r\n\r\nAfter each round of compressions and insufflation, check for pulse and a breath. If nothing changes, continue CPR.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

B \u2013 Breathing<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

Observe breathing. Look, listen and feel the chest. Look and feel for chest injuries, damaged ribs. Listen for breathing irregularities. Maintain a clear airway.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

C \u2013 Circulation<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

Treat heavy bleeding as best you can. Check the pulse. A normal, adult dog has a heart rate of between 70\u2013130 beats per minute. You can calculate how many beats there are in 15 seconds and then multiply this by four). Puppies and very young dogs can have a heart rate of 200 beats per minute. A scared and stressed dog also has a faster frequency.<\/p>\r\n

The easiest place to find the dog\u2019s pulse is in the groin, at the depression at the back of the belly. The most important thing is to confirm that the dog has a pulse, and that the heart is beating \u2018correctly\u2019.<\/p>\r\n

The skin-fold test is useful: you can check the degree of capillary filling by observing how quickly a fold of skin snaps back into place. Also check mucous membranes.<\/p>\r\n

Improve all bandages if necessary.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

D \u2013 Disabilities (brain function)<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

Is the dog responsive? Check whether the dog reacts to stimulus. Splint and treat obvious fractures or limbs at abnormal angles. Stabilize injuries for possible transport to veterinary care. Stop bleeding, splint legs, etc. Keep the muzzle closed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

E \u2013 Exposure\/environment<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

Does the dog have other injuries? Is it too cold, or too hot? Alter the dog\u2019s environment to the benefit of its recovery. The \u201chead to toe \u2013 treat as you go\u201d principle applies here. Examine the whole dog and treat injuries as they are discovered. Always keep an eye on pulse and respiration.<\/p>\r\n

Protect the dog from heat or cold. Wrap it in a blanket or cool it down with a wet towel. Ask yourself if another of the other steps detailed above are required.<\/p>\r\n

Place the dog on its side and ensure that the airways are open. Call for help, if you haven\u2019t done so before. Examine the surroundings for relevant information \u2013 signs of something toxic the dog may have eaten, the proximity of vehicles, etc.<\/p>\r\n

Then get to the vet, as quickly and safely as you can.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n

TREATMENT OF INJURIES<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Cuts:\u202f\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

For small wounds and cuts, clean the wound with Pyrisept or medical saline, both of which can be bought at the pharmacy. The most important thing is to rinse the wound well. If you do not have these products, you can boil a litre of water with 9g of salt and cool it down before use. This will be roughly the same as the salt water you get from the pharmacy.<\/p>\r\n

For smaller cuts, \u201cblood stops\u201d, the kind you use when clipping claws, can also work. Always bandage the cut, no matter what, to protect against infection.<\/p>\r\n

Pad cuts, or cuts on the paws and legs, are most common. If the wound breaks more than a centimetre, it almost always has to be stitched. Tissue can die if not sutured within eight hours. Get to the vet as soon as you can. The sooner the better. Whatever the type of cut, under no circumstances sew this yourself without the the practiced skill. It can make the injury worse.<\/p>\r\n

A bit of gauze and sports tape, or possibly an elastic dog bandage, help a lot when dressing the wound. I always have a pair of paw socks with me in the dog\u2019s first aid kit; these keep wounds clean.<\/p>\r\n

If a cut\u2019s bleeding profusely, put pressure on the wound. Preferably maintain pressure with a piece of cloth, a belt, or similar, to maintain pressure. It may be necessary to keep pressure on the wound for a long time to stop the bleeding. Get to the vet as soon as possible!<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Pulsating bleeding:<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

If your dog is bleeding in spurts, this is because an artery has been hit.<\/p>\r\n

Put pressure on the wound. Maintain pressure with a piece of cloth, a belt, or the leash. It may be necessary to continue holding the pressure. Get to the vet as soon as possible! In severe cases, you may also have to continue to apply pressure to the bleeding wound with two fingers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Pressure bandage:<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Before applying a pressure bandage, you must secure, hold, and preferably muzzle the dog. Then you can use a hard-rolled compress, or whatever you have on hand, against the wound to apply pressure until the bleeding stops. Put bandages around the wound to keep the pressure.<\/p>\r\n

The bandage should be so tight that it stops the bleeding but not the blood supply. It is important to loosen the bandage regularly, preferably every 15 minutes, and at least every 30 minutes. If the wound is still bleeding, you must re-bandage it, keeping constant pressure on it if you can. Keep the body part elevated. And get to the vet as fast as possible<\/p>\r\n

\u00f8r man legger p\u00e5 en trykkbandasje m\u00e5 man sikre, holde fast og gjerne snutebinde hunden. S\u00e5 kan en bruke en hardt rullet kompress, enkeltmannspakke \u2013 eller det man har for h\u00e5nd mot s\u00e5ret og trykke til bl\u00f8dningen stopper. Bandasjer s\u00e5 rundt s\u00e5ret og hold presset.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Fractures:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Fractures can be tricky. I have experienced this myself with my own dog. Dogs are very good at compensating for pain, so it can be difficult to detect injured toes or the like. But if you do a proper check, and feel all the bones, it’s easy to spot. Dogs usually push off with their paws if you extend their legs and push them on the pads, so if they don\u2019t, there is at least a chance of muscle or joint damage.<\/p>\r\n

The first thing to do is to check whether the break is open to the air or internal. If the dog has an open fracture, you must also check whether the wound is dirty and, if necessary, clean it as described above. If there\u2019s a lot of contamination in the wound, it can be washed with fresh water if nothing else is available.<\/p>\r\n

If you have nothing better to hand, you can fill a bag with water and then cut a small hole in one corner. If It\u2019s still best to use salt water in a sprayer or a bottle with a spout.<\/p>\r\n

Regardless, the break must be splinted to keep it stable. A dog with a broken leg must move as little as possible and must be carried. It\u2019s therefore beneficial that your dog is used to being carried and handled.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Poisoning:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

It is not always easy to see what\u2019s lurking in the bushes, grass and undergrowth. In Norway, vipers are a common cause of poisoning \u2013 but this isn\u2019t the only way dogs can be poisoned. Unbaked dough, chocolate, household chemicals and poisonous plants are other common causes of poisoning in dogs. According to the vets I spoke to when I wrote this, it is certainly not unheard of for dogs to arrive at the clinic after drinking antifreeze or strong detergents intended for cars and boats.<\/p>\r\n

Much of this can be prevented. The best prevention, of course, is to keep poisonous substances away from dogs. Put it away in a cupboard, or high out of reach. And keep the dog away when you need to fill antifreeze or wash the car.<\/p>\r\n

If you\u2019re concerned about possible poisoning, you should always call a vet or the poison information centre. In Norway, the number\u2019s 22591300. Make sure you have any packaging to hand, so that you can give further information to the vet or the poison information centre.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Viper bite:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Should your dog be bitten by a viper, keep it still as possible \u2013 hinder the spread of blood through the circulatory system. Then get the dog to the vet is quickly as you possibly can. Carry it if you have to.<\/p>\r\n

If you have a large scarf, a tarp, or a length of fabric large enough, you can make a large cylinder or a \u201chammock\u201d for the dog and tie it behind your neck. Then you can carry the dog on your belly for a good distance.<\/p>\r\n

If you\u2019re a long way from a vet, you might consider cortisone tablets. Treatment with cortisone is somewhat controversial. But in the event of bites to the head and neck, cortisone can help to reduce swelling, allowing the dog to breathe.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Insect bites and allergic reactions:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Dogs are usually stung, typically by wasps, on the face and head. If swelling occurs, it can be treated with cortisone tablets. This is usually effective. Otherwise treat them as you would a normal insect bite on a humans. And contact a vet if you\u2019re concerned..<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Drowning:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

As mentioned elsewhere, dogs should always have a life jacket. Dogs being dogs, however, accidents are always possible. A little knowledge of emergency first aid can save a dog\u2019s life from drowning.<\/p>\r\n

To rid the lungs of water lungs, lift the dog by its hind legs and tap it on the chest. Get help if you can\u2019t manage this alone.<\/p>\r\n

If the dog\u2019s been in cold water, ensure that it doesn\u2019t get any colder. Warming a dog too quickly can cause shock. Wrap it up in a blanket, with a hot water bottle or something else you have to hand.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Shock:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Symptoms of shock are pale mucous membranes, increased heart and breathing rate, an erratic pulse and cold paws. If you have concerns, contact a vet. If you\u2019re sure the dog\u2019s in shock, get to the vet as soon as possible. If the dog\u2019s conscious and responding, it\u2019s recommended to give it fluids.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Twisted stomach\/stomach expansion:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Stomach-twisting is something I\u2019ve seen happen a few times. Most times everything\u2019s been all right, thanks to quick treatment at the vet \u2013 but I\u2019ve also seen it occur at night, without it being noticed.<\/p>\r\n

A twisted stomach is life-threatening. It\u2019s perhaps the worst situation I have experienced with the dogs I\u2019ve known. It most often affects large dogs, often dogs with a deep, marked, belly. When it occurs, the stomach rotates on its own axis; this stops the supply of blood supply to vital organs and causes a life-threatening state of shock. While the cause of this phenomenon hasn\u2019t been definitively established, it\u2019s believed that it may be linked to overeating, food fermenting in the stomach, excessive swallowing of air, or vigorous exercise immediately after feeding. The symptoms come on quickly.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The most common symptoms are:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n